To develop a universal, low-cost electrified biotrickling filter (ETB) for the treatment of sulfur-containing liquid and gaseous waste streams, to study microbial electrochemical heterogeneity (stratification) within the system, and to establish design guidelines for future microbial electrochemical technologies (MET).

Operation of lab-scale ETBs combining anodic oxidation (e.g. S²⁻ to S⁰) and cathodic reduction (e.g. SO₄²⁻ to S⁰), single granule electrochemical analysis using the eClamp, microbial community sequencing, and development of a tailored potentiostat in collaboration with Sciospec Scientific Instruments GmbH (SCIO).

That microbial and electrochemical stratification within ETBs can be controlled and optimized to improve sulfur compound removal and overall reactor performance.

Lab-scale electrified biotrickling filters operated with sulfur-containing liquid and gaseous waste streams.

A functional ETB prototype (TRL 4), detailed understanding of microbial electrochemical heterogeneity, a validated potentiostat design, and clear design criteria for MET configurations.

Understanding and managing functional and microbial heterogeneity, ensuring effective integration of anodic and cathodic processes, and validating the scalability and reliability of low-cost components.

Wageningen University for getting acquainted with MET-based sulfur removal; SCIO for the development of circuit boards for customized potentiostats; and AERIS Tecnologías Ambientales S.L. for conducting a techno-economic analysis of ETBs for sulfur species treatment.